St3 · 20 · 45 · 40Kh · Ø10–300 · GOST 2590
Hot-rolled round bar
Round bar Ø10–300 mm in St3, 20, 45 and 40Kh to GOST 2590; equivalents Q235B, 20#, 45#, 40Cr
304 · 321 · 316L · Ø10–200 · GOST 5949
Stainless round bar
Austenitic steel bar Ø10–200 mm: 08Kh18N10, 12Kh18N10T, 03Kh17N14M3 to GOST 5949; equivalents 304, 321, 316L
GOST 5949-2018GOST 5632-2014GB/T 1220-2007ASTM A276/A276MEN 10088-308Kh18N1012Kh18N10T03Kh17N14M3304321316L06Cr19Ni1006Cr18Ni11Ti022Cr17Ni12Mo2
Parameters
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
| Diameter | 10–200 mm |
| Length | fixed length, to specification |
| Steel grade | 08Kh18N10, 12Kh18N10T, 03Kh17N14M3 |
| Delivery condition | heat-treated, solution annealed |
| Surface | hot-rolled turned, calibrated, ground |
| Magnetic properties | non-magnetic as delivered |
Sizes and weight
| Ø, mm | Weight, kg/m | Metres per tonne |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0.617 | 1 622 |
| 12 | 0.888 | 1 126 |
| 14 | 1.21 | 827.5 |
| 16 | 1.58 | 633.6 |
| 20 | 2.47 | 405.5 |
| 25 | 3.85 | 259.5 |
| 30 | 5.55 | 180.2 |
| 40 | 9.86 | 101.4 |
| 50 | 15.4 | 64.9 |
| 60 | 22.2 | 45.1 |
| 80 | 39.5 | 25.3 |
| 100 | 61.7 | 16.2 |
| 120 | 88.8 | 11.3 |
| 150 | 138.7 | 7.21 |
| 200 | 246.6 | 4.05 |
Theoretical weight at steel density 7.85 g/cm³. Actual batch weight is by scale and mill certificate.
Description
Stainless round bar is a bar of corrosion-resistant austenitic steel: hot-rolled and peeled, cold-finished or ground. The technical conditions are set by GOST 5949-2018, the grades by GOST 5632-2014; mills in China roll the bar to GB/T 1220-2007, export specifications are read from ASTM A276/A276M and EN 10088-3. The delivery condition is heat-treated: solution annealing gives a non-magnetic structure and resistance to intergranular corrosion.
The grades differ in composition and service environment. 08Kh18N10 — equivalent to AISI 304 and 1.4301 — is the basic chromium-nickel steel for food, chemical and general equipment. 12Kh18N10T — equivalent to AISI 321 and 1.4541 — is titanium-stabilised and retains its resistance after welding and heating. 03Kh17N14M3 — equivalent to AISI 316L and 1.4404 — is molybdenum-bearing and low-carbon for chloride and acidic environments. Equivalents at mills in China are 06Cr19Ni10, 06Cr18Ni11Ti and 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 to GB/T 1220.
During inspection at the mill the bureau measures the diameter with a micrometer in two perpendicular directions and checks it against the tolerance in the specification — for cold-finished and ground bar the tolerance is read by ISO tolerance grade. The grade is confirmed by a rapid composition check with a portable spectrometer on bars from different bundles; the heat number on the tag is checked against the mill test certificate (MTC), which for stainless grades must state chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium and carbon. The surface is checked — free of cracks, scratches and traces of carbon steel — along with marking and packing that excludes contact with carbon steel products; the result is an inspection report with photographs before shipment.
The theoretical weight in the table is calculated for a density of 7.85 g/cm³; austenitic steels are denser, so the actual weight of the batch exceeds the calculated value by roughly 1–2 %. Shipment and acceptance go by actual weight from weighing.
Applications
- shafts and stems of pumps, agitators and valves
- equipment for food and pharmaceutical production
- parts of chemical and oil and gas apparatus
- fasteners and studs for corrosive environments
- heat exchange and boiler equipment in power generation
Packing and shipment
Bundles in polymer film or wooden crates with spacers, kept separate from carbon steel products; mill tag with grade, heat, diameter, surface condition and weight.
Grade equivalents
| GOST | GB (China) | ASTM | EN | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| St3sp | Q235B | A36 | S235JR | Nearest equivalents: carbon, manganese and impact toughness limits differ between the standards. The specification fixes the GOST grade and the control values. |
| Steel 20 | 20# | 1020 | C22E | Quality carbon steel; the equivalents match in carbon content, impurity limits are checked against the certificate. |
| Steel 45 | 45# | 1045 | C45E | Steel for heat treatment; hardness and delivery condition are checked — hot-rolled, normalised or annealed. |
| 40Kh | 40Cr | 5140 | 41Cr4 | Chromium alloy steel; the equivalents are close in composition, chromium content is confirmed by the heat certificate. |
| 09G2S | Q355B | A572 Gr. 50 | S355JR | Nearest equivalents by strength; 09G2S specifies impact toughness at minus 40 °C, the equivalents use other test temperatures. |
| St1kp | Q195 | 1008 | — | Wire rod for drawing and tying wire; the nearest equivalent by carbon content, there is no single EN grade for this class. |
| 08Kh18N10 | 06Cr19Ni10 | 304 | 1.4301 | Austenitic chromium-nickel steel; nearest equivalents: chromium and nickel ranges differ between the standards, composition is confirmed by the heat certificate. |
| 12Kh18N10T | 06Cr18Ni11Ti | 321 | 1.4541 | Titanium-stabilised; nearest equivalents: the upper carbon limit is 0.12 % for 12Kh18N10T and 0.08 % for 321 and 1.4541; titanium content is checked against the certificate. |
| 03Kh17N14M3 | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 316L | 1.4404 | Molybdenum-bearing, low-carbon; nearest equivalents: the lower nickel limit of 03Kh17N14M3 is higher than that of 316L, composition is confirmed by the heat certificate. |
Equivalents are the closest match, not identical: chemistry and tolerances differ between standards. The exact grade and standard are written into the contract.
Related items
20 · 45 · 40Kh · S 10–75 · GOST 2879
Hexagonal steel bar
Hexagonal bar 10–75 mm across flats in steels 20, 45 and 40Kh to GOST 2879; equivalents 20#, 45#, 40Cr
Buyer questions
How to read a mill test certificate (MTC) for long products
In the certificate the mill states the heat number, grade and standard, the chemical composition of the heat, the mechanical properties from test results, the size and weight of the batch. The heat number must match the tag on the bundle or coil — this is the first thing the bureau's inspector checks. If the mill rolled to GB, the bureau attaches to the certificate a table of GOST-to-GB grade correspondence and the control values from the specification.
How St3 differs from steels 20, 45 and 40Kh
St3 is an ordinary-quality steel to GOST 535: strength is specified, impurities are allowed within wider limits; it goes into structures and non-critical parts. Steels 20 and 45 are quality carbon steels to GOST 1050: impurities are limited more tightly, properties are set by carbon content, steel 45 is used for hardening and quench-and-temper treatment. 40Kh is a chromium alloy steel to GOST 4543 for shafts, axles and gears after heat treatment. The grade is chosen from the part drawing, not from what is in stock.
How the tonnage of long products is calculated
The theoretical weight per metre is calculated from the cross-sectional area and the steel density of 7.85 g/cm³: round bar 0.006165·d², square bar 0.00785·a², flat bar 0.00785·b·t in kilograms per metre with dimensions in millimetres. The specification and the contract with the mill are drawn up on theoretical weight. Shipment and acceptance at the warehouse go by actual weight from weighing; the difference from theory lies within the dimensional tolerances of the standard.
What the bureau checks when inspecting a batch at the mill
Cross-section — with a micrometer and a calliper in two perpendicular directions on bars from different bundles, checked against the GOST tolerances for the rolling accuracy class. Documents — the heat number on the tag against the certificate, the chemical composition against the specification, for stainless grades a rapid composition check with a portable spectrometer. Appearance — surface free of cracks, laps and scabs, straightness, twist of square and hexagonal bar. Packing — strapping of bundles, a legible tag, grade marking on the bar ends. Everything is recorded in an inspection report with photographs.
How a batch is sized and what to send for a quotation
The batch is sized to your volume — send your specification: steel grade to GOST, product type and cross-section size, rolling accuracy class, bar length or coil weight, volume in tonnes for each size, certificate and packing requirements. On the specification the bureau selects a mill, agrees terms with it and returns to you a draft contract describing inspection and acceptance.
Price request
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Steel pricing depends on grade, size, tonnage and delivery terms on the day of contract. A number on the page would be wrong by the time you read it.
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